5

Nanomaterials and Lab-on-a-Chip

Technologies

Noorhashimah Mohamad Nor and Nurul Hidayah Ramli

School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal,

Penang, Malaysia

Nor Dyana Zakaria

NanoBiotechnology Research & Innovation (NanoBRI), INFORMM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang,

Malaysia

Khairunisak Abdul Razak

School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal,

Penang, Malaysia

NanoBiotechnology Research & Innovation (NanoBRI), INFORMM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang,

Malaysia

CONTENTS

5.1 Introduction to LOC ...........................................................................................................73

5.2 Lab-on-a-Chip Detection Technique ................................................................................75

5.3 Nanomaterials and Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies ..........................................................77

5.3.1 Metal Nanomaterials...............................................................................................77

5.3.2 Metal Oxide Nanomaterials in Lab on Chip......................................................81

5.3.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in a Lab-on-Chip................................................85

5.4 Conclusion and Future Look.............................................................................................88

References ......................................................................................................................................89

5.1 Introduction to LOC

The integration of nanomaterials in lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies has received wide

attention from researchers to develop a LOC device for a wide range of applications

including clinical diagnostic, environmental analysis, food safety, and therapeutic ana­

lysis [1,2]. LOC is a miniaturized version of multi-component parts in laboratory analysis.

The miniaturization of LOC devices allows a simple, low sample volume, and portable

and mobile chemical analysis. LOC devices are also classified as the point of care (POC),

microfluidic, microfluidic immunoarray device (µID), miniaturized total analysis system

(µTAS), and microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs).

LOC devices integrate several parts including sample input, recognition element or

sensor, transducer, and signal processing parts, as shown in Figure 5.1. The sample input

DOI: 10.1201/9781003263265-5

73